Chapter+17

  Antecedent Phrase - The first phrase of a period; ends with an inconclusive cadence (usually a half cadence) Consequent Phrase - The second phrase of a period. The consequent phrase ends with a strong harmonic conclusion, usually an authentic cadence Contour Motive - A motive that maintains its contour, or musical shape, but changes its intervals; its rhythm may or may not be altered Deceptive Cadence - The cadence V(7) - vi in major, or V(7) - VI in minor. Generally, any nontonic resolution from V at a cadence Deceptive Resolution - A midphrase resolution to the submediant from V Melodic Sequence - A motive repeated several times in successive transpositions (often up or down by step) Motive - The smallest recognizable musical idea. Motives may be characterized by their pitches, contour, and/or rhythm, but rarely contain a cadence. To qualify as a motive, an idea generally has to be repeated (exactly or varied) Period - A musical unit consisting (usually) of two phrases. Generally, the first phrase ends with a weak cadence (typically a half cadence), answered by a more conclusive cadence (usually a PAC) at the end of the second phrase Contrasting Period - A period in which the two phrases do not share the same initial melodic material Parallel Period - A period in which the two phrases share the same beginning melodic material Phrase - A basic unit of musical thought, similar to a sentence in language, with a beginning, a middle, and an end. In tonal music, a phrase must end with a cadence; in nontonal music, other musical features provide closure Phrase Group - Three or more phrases with tonal and/or thematic design elements that group them together as a unit Phrygian Cadence - The half cadence iv(6) - V in minor keys, so called because of the half-step descent in the bass Plagal Cadence - The cadence IV - I (iv-i in minor), sometimes called the "Amen cadence." Because the IV-I motion can be viewed as a tonic expansion, and because the plagal cadence often follows an authentic cadence, some use the term "plagal resolution" or "plagal expansion of tonic." Rhythmic Motive - A motive that maintains its rhythm but changes its contour and interval structure Sentence - A phrase design with a 1 + 1 + 2 (or 2 + 2 + 4) motivic structure Subphrase - A melodic and harmonic unit smaller than a phrase. Subphrases complete only a portion of the basic phrase progression and do not conclude with a cadence.