Chapter+1

Accidental - a symbol that raises a note a half step, lowers it a half step, or cancels a pre-existing sharp or flat accidental

Clef - tells which line or space represents which pitch. Also indicates octaves.

Alto clef - a C-clef on the 3rd line of the staff

Bass clef - "the F-clef", shows where F is. Almost always placed with the F on the 4th line up on the staff

C-clef - shows where C is on a staff

Tenor clef - C-clef on the 4th line up of the staff

Treble clef - "the G-clef", shows where G is. Almost always placed with the G on the second line up on the staff

Double flat - lowers a note one whole step (or two half-steps)

Double sharp - raises a note one whole step (or two half-steps)

Dynamics - dictate intensity: //p,f,mp,mf//

Enharmonic - two different note names with the same pitch

Flat - lowers a note one half-step

Grand staff - two staves, one in treble clef and one in bass clef (connected by a curly brace)

Half step - the interval between any pitch and the next-closest pitch on the keyboard

Interval - the distance between any two notes

Ledger Line - indicates the pitch of a note if it is above or below a staff

Musical Alphabet - the system for naming notes A-G

Natural - cancels a sharp or flat

Octave equivalence - two notes similar in pitch that are separated by 8 note-letter counts

Pitch - a tone sounding in a particular octave

Pitch class - octave-relating notes with the same letter

Sharp - raises a note one half-step

Staff - 5 lines which help identify note pitches

Whole step - the combination of two half-steps together

Questions for review

A staff gives line or space locations for notes while a clef determines which line or space belongs to each letter-note.
 * 1) How do the staff and clefs work together to identify letters of the musical alphabet?

We can refer to the location of the notes on a keyboard and using numbers after letters to indicate which octave to use.
 * 1) How can we distinguish between pitches and pitch classes when we name notes?


 * 1) What is the function of


 * 1) C –clef - determines where middle C is.


 * 1) Accidentals - modify a note by raising it a half-step, lowering it a half-step, or canceling out a previous accidental


 * 1) Ledger lines - help to identify pitches that are above or below a staff

Normally, the distance of a half-step is a white key to a black key while a whole step is the difference between two keys of the same color - the exception being B to c and E to F
 * 1) How do the piano’s white and balck keys help us determine whole and half steps?


 * 1) What special relationship do B and C have? E and F?

Both keys are white, yet the distance between them is considered a half-step
 * 1) Find a melody from music in your repertoire. Identify the register of its pitches by octave number, then name any pitches that appear on ledger lines.