Chapter+4

Aeolian – A mode of a natural minor scale. It has the scale steps of the A to A collection. (2-3 1-2 tetrachords)

Dorian – A mode that has the steps of the diatonic D to D collection. It has the steps of a natural minor but with a raised sixth. (2-3 2-3 tetrachords)

Harmonic minor – A minor scale that has the 3rd and 6th note of the parallel major scale lowered a half step. The 7th note of the parallel major scale is raised a half step.

Ionian – The mode of a major scale. It has the scale steps of a C to C collection. (3-4 3-4 tetrachords)

Locrian – The mode that has the steps of the diatonic B to B collection. It has the steps of a natural minor but with a lowered second and fifth. (1-2 4-1 tetrachords)

Lydian – A mode that has the steps of the diatonic F to F collection. It has steps of a major scale but with a raised fourth. (4-1 3-4 tetrachords)

Melodic minor – A minor scale that has the 3rd note of the parallel major scale lowered. The 6th and 7th notes are the same as a major scale. Downward, the scale is a natural minor.

Minor Pentatonic – A five note collection that contains the 1 ,3 ,4 ,5 ,and 7

Mixolydian – A mode that has the steps of the diatonic G to G collection. It has the steps of a major scale but with a lowered seventh. (3-4 2-3 tetrachords)

Modal Scale degree – The scale degrees that commonly affect major and parallel minor scales: (3 ) ,6 ,and 7.

Mode – The different arrangements of a collection of pitch classes.

Natural minor – A minor scale that has a the 3rd, 6th, and 7th note of the given major key lowered a half step.

Parallel minor – A minor key that has the same tonic as a given major scale.

Phrygian – A mode that has the steps of the diatonic E to E collection. It has the steps of a natural minor but with a lowered second. (1-2 1-2 tetrachords)

Raised submediant – The sixth note that is raised a half step going upwards in a melodic minor scale.

Relative Major – A major scale that has the same key signature as a given minor scale. It is made up of the same pitch class collection.

Relative Minor – A minor scale that has the same key signature as a given major scale. It is made up of the same pitch class collection.

Subtonic – The 7th note of a major scale. It is a half-step from the tonic.

1. What similarities do the relative and parallel minors share with major? How do the relative and parallel minors differ from each other?

Parellel minors share the same tonic as the major, but with the 3rd, 6th, and 7th notes lowered. Relative minors have the same key signature as the relative major but with a tonic a 3rd down from the relative major.

2. What are the scale-degree differences between the three minor scale types? How do these differences affect the scale-degree names? The natural minor has the 3rd, 6th, and 7th scale degrees lowered a half step from its parallel major. The harmonic minor has the 3rd and 6th lowered a half step from its parallel major. The melodic minor upward has only the 3rd lowered a half step from its parallel major.

3. Given a key signature, how do you know which minor key it represents? The minor key can be found by going a third scale degree below the major key of the signature.

4. Given a minor key, how do you find the relative major? The relative major of a minor key is the 3rd scale degree of the minor scale.

5. How do the modes differ from major and minor? Describe the relative and parallel methods for identifying modes. Parallel Identification The Ionian, mixolydian, and Lydian modes can be compared to the major scale/pentachord, while the Aeolian, Dorian, and Phrygian modes can be compared to the minor scale/pentachord. Relative Identification The diatonic collection is used to identify modes, buy use different starting pitches for each.

Ionian: Major scale C to C Mixolydian: Major scale with a lowered 7th G to G  Lydian: Major scale with a raised 4th F to F  Aeolian: Natural minor scale A to A  Dorian: Natural minor scale with a raised 6th. D to D Phrygian: Natural minor scale with a lowered 2nd E to E

6. Give a pitch and a mode to build upon it, what steps should you follow? Pitch: B Mode: Dorian Natural minor with a raised raised 6th Natural minor B, C, D, E, F, G, A, B 6th is G  Dorian Mode: B, C, D, E, F, G, A, B